Aptenodytes forsteri
size: 11 2 cm (44 in.), 27 to 41 kg (60-90 lb.)
distribution: circumpolar on Antarctic continent within limits of pack-ice
(Marchant, 1990); one of two species restricted to the Antarctic (the other is the
Adelie); generally avoid open water beyond limits of floating ice (Marchant, 1990).
population: 135,000 to 175,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened, stable with some local fluctuations
size: 94 cm (37 in.), 13.5 to 16 kg (30-35 lb.)
distribution: subantarctic islands and peninsulas (Marchant, 1990); usually forage
in ice-free waters (Marchant, 1990); mainly over shelf and slope areas (Stahl, et al.,
1990). Most juveniles oceanic; observed several hundred kilometers from nearest colony
(Ainley, et al., 1984).
population: more than 1 million pairs
Current status: not globally threatened; stable or increasing
size: 46 to 61 cm (1 8-24 in.), 3.6 to 4.5 kg (8-1 0 lb.)
distribution: circumpolar on Antarctic continent within limits of pack-ice
(Marchant, 1990); is restricted to the Antarctic (along with emperor penguins).
population: 4,169,390 breeding pairs (del Hoyo, et al., 1992)
current status: not globally threatened; stable or increasing
size: 61 to 76 cm (24-30 in.), 5.5 to 6.4 kg (12-14 lb.)
distribution: circumpolar in subantarctic and antarctic waters; avoid pack ice and
continental coasts, except near the Antarctic peninsula; usually remain near breeding
islands throughout year (Marchant, 1990)
population: 260,000 to 300,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened; generally stable
size: 46 to 61 cm (1 8-24 in.), 4 kg (9 lb.)
distribution: antarctic and subantarctic islands population: 6.5 million pairs
current status: not globally threatened
size: 41 to 46 cm (i 6-18 in.), about 2.3 to 2.7 kg (5-6 lb.)
distribution: subantarctic islands population: 3.5 million pairs
current status: not globally threatened; possibly stable
size: 51 to 61 cm (20-24 in.), 4.5 kg (1 0 lb.)
distribution: subantarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
population: 11,654,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened, generally increasing
size: 66 to 76 cm (26-30 in.), 5.5 kg (1 2 lb.)
distribution: Macquarie and Campbell Islands; also around the New Zealand coast
population: 850,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened; stable
size: 61 cm (24 in.), 2.7 to 3 kg (6-7 lb.)
distribution: subantarctic islands and New Zealand
population: 5,000 to 1 0,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened; considered near-threatened, though stable
size: 63.5 cm (25 in.), 2.7 to 3.5 kg (6-7.7 lb.)
distribution: Australia; New Zealand; and Bounty, Campbell, and Auckland Islands
population: more than 200,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened; generally stable
size: 63.5 cm (25 in.), 2.7 to 3 kg (6-7 lb.)
distribution: restricted to Snares Island, south of New Zealand
population: 33,000 pairs
current status: not globally threatened; presently stable
size: 76 cm (30 in.), 6 kg (1 3 lb.)
distribution: southeast New Zealand
population: 1,540 to 1,855 pairs
current status: vulnerable (IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals); population has
decreased 40% in last 40 years
size: 41 cm (16 in.), about 1 kg (2.2 lb.)
distribution: southern Australia and New Zealand
population: less than 1 million total birds
current status: not globally threatened
Magellanic
size: 61 to 71 cm (24-28 in.), 5 kg (11 lb.)
distribution: Falkland Islands and along the coast of Chile and Argentina
population: 4.5 to 10 million birds
current status: not globally threatened
size: 56 to 66 cm (22-26 in.), 4 kg (9 lb.)
distribution: islands off the west coast of South America and along the coast of
Peru and Chile population: 20,000 total birds
current status: insufficiently known (IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals), CITES I
size: 61 to 71 cm (24-28 in.), 3 kg (7 lb.)
distribution: South African waters population: 50,000 to 171,000 pairs
current status: insufficiently known (IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals), CITES
II; general decline continues
size: 53 cm (21 in.), 2.5 kg (5-6 lb.)
distribution: Galapagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador, almost astride the
equator; is the most northerly penguin species
population: 6,000 to 15,000 total birds
current status: endangered (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species List)
NOTE: Penguin population numbers and current status from del Hoyo, et al., 1992. 32
Scientific Classification|Distribution
and Habitat |Physical Characteristics |Sexual
Dimorphism |Senses
|Adaptations for an Aquatic Environment |Behavior
|Diet and Eating Habits |Reproduction
|Hatching and Care of Chicks |Communication
|Longevity and Causes of Death |Conservation
|Appendix: penguin species|References
and Bibliography |Books for Young Readers
SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Animal Information Database
www.seaworld.org / www.buschgardens.org
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